SOUTH AMERICA 2025
Bagan, bordering to the east bank of the mighty Ayeyarwady – Irrawaddy River, once was a splendid and glorious capital of the First Myanmar Empire. Bagan is now a 42 square kilometer area dotted with thousands of ancient pagodas, stupas, shrines, ordination halls and monuments.
Bagan is one of the richest archaeological sites in Southeast Asia with 2230 monuments still standing and some 1000 in ruins, there were originally about 4500, as many as 600 disappeared into the Ayeyarwady – Irrawaddy during the summer flooding.
UNESCO affirms that the rustic Bagan-Pagan, with over two thousand religious edifices and ruins, is an archaeological treasure not only of the Myanmar people but also of the whole of civilization. Ancient Bagan, even after so many years of waste and decay still stands as a unforgettable sight, depicting the greatness of human endeavors and aspirations. In Bagan around 2000 temples and stupas, are spread over just four square miles bordering the eastern bank of the Ayeyarwady – Irrawaddy river in the dry zone of Central Myanmar.
Dhammayangyi Temple is noted for its massiveness. It is a cave pagoda built by King Narathu in A.D. 1170 and completed within 3 years. The name “Dhammayangyi” as interpreted by scholars, means “The Light of Buddha’s Teaching.”
“Thatbyinnyu” means “omniscience” which the Lord Buddha attained on becoming enlightened. Towering above the other monuments of Bagan, the magnificence in white which is the Thatbyinnyu takes its name from the Omniscience of the Buddha. Thatbyinnyutanyan in Myanmar language, Sabbannutanana in Pali, omniscience is given further explanation in contemporary inscriptions as “knowing thoroughly and seeing widely.”
It is said that every Myanmar should visit Bagan (Pagan) and without visiting Ananda Temple, you cannot say that you have visited Bagan (Pagan).
Ananda temple is considered to be one of the most surviving masterpiece of the Mon architecture. Also known as the finest, largest, best preserved and most revered of the Bagan temples. During the 1975 earthquake, Ananda suffered considerable damage but has been totally restored.
Shwezigon is a magnificent monument in Bagan (Pagan). Shwezigon consists of Buddha Images, with their left hands exhibit exposition mudra while the right hands are held palm outward, fingers straight up, portraying the gesture of abhaya or ‘no fear’. Therefore, it is known as Bagan’s almighty pagoda.
Shwezigon was built as the most important reliquary shrine in Bagan, a centre of prayer and reflection for the new Theravada faith King Anawarahta had established in Bagan.
The pagoda is standing between the village of Wetkyi-in and Nyaung U. It is a beautiful pagoda and was commenced by King Anawrahta but not completed until the reign of King Kyanzittha (1084-1113). King Kyanzittha was thought to have built his palace nearby.